ANMA Home

Code of Ethics

Top Stories
  Naturopathic Legislative Alert!    NEW!
  Florida Sunrise Report
  
CA Legislation 
   Arizona's Opinion
   Nat. Scandal in AZ
   Nat. School Under Fire
   CNME, "otherwise not
   approved accred. agency"
   History & Demise of CNME
   AANP vs. Hayhurst & ANMA
         AANP Loses Again

27th Annual Convention (7/25/08)        Convention Lecture
    & Workshop Schedule

   Convention Registration Form

Legislation
   Alaska
   Naturopathic State Laws
   Response to the "OAND"
   Washington Legislation

Journal of the American Naturopathic Medical Association (JANMA)
   Vol. 12 No. 2   07/08    NEW  !
   Vol. 11 No. 3   10/07
   Vol. 11 No. 2   06/07
   Vol. 11 No. 1   02/07
   Vol. 10 No. 4   11/06
   Vol. 10 No. 3   07/06
   Vol. 10 No. 2   04/06
   Vol. 10 No. 1   01/06
   Vol. 9 No. 3     10/05
   Vol. 9 No. 2     07/05
   Vol. 9 No. 1     04/05
   Vol. 8 No. 4     12/04
   Vol. 8 No. 2     07/04
   Vol. 8 No. 1     03/04
   Vol. 7 No. 4     12/03
   Vol. 7 No. 3     09/03
   Vol. 7 No. 2     06/03
   Vol. 7 No. 1     04/03
   Vol. 6 No. 4
   Vol. 6 No. 3
   Vol. 6 No. 2
   Vol. 6 No. 1
   Vol. 5 No. 4
   Vol. 5 No. 3
   Vol. 5 No. 2
   Vol. 5 No. 1
   Vol. 4 No. 4
   Vol. 4 No. 3
   Vol. 4 No. 2
   Vol. 4 No. 1

Facts
   History & Demise of CNME
   CNME Bites The Dust!
   Caution Nat. Med. Edu.
   Naturopaths In Denial
   Fraud?
   NH Gov. Cavalier Response
   Ltr. to AANP From NH Leg.
   NCNM Student Remarks
:
       Merry Bern Letter
      
Stephen Sporn
   NCNM Student Report
   Media
   Canada
   Response to the "OAND"
   Naturopathic Lawsuits

      
Lawsuit #1
      
Lawsuit #2
   Licensing Vs. Certification 

ANMA Memorabilia

Application

American Naturopathic
Certification Board

Naturopathic Links

E-mail

 

ANMA ONLINE REFERENCES
Volume 7 Number 4

 

 

Food Antioxidants are Superior to Isolated Antioxidants

 

By: Robert J. Thiel, Ph.D., Naturopath

REFERENCES

[1] Lachance PA, Nakat Z, Jeong W-S. Antioxidants: An Integrative Approach. Nutr, 2001;17:835-838

[2] Kagan VE, Kisin ER, Kawai K, Serinkan BF, Osipov AN, Sertbinova EA, Wolinsky I, Shvedova AA. Towards mechanism-based antioxidant interventions. Ann NY Acad Sci 2002;959:188-198

[3] Francheschi S, Parpinel M, La Vecchia C, Favero A, Talamini R, Negri E. Role of different types of vegetables and fruit in the prevention of cancer of the colon, rectum, and breast. Epidemiology 1998;9(3):338-341

[4] Engelhart MJ, Geerlings MI, Ruitenberg A, et al. Dietary Intake of Antioxidants and Risk of Alzheimer Disease. JAMA 2002;287(24):3223-3229

[5] Chu YF, Sun J, Wu X, Liu RH. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of common vegetables. J Agric Food Chem. 2002;50(23):6910-6916

[6] Rautalahti M, Huttunen J. Antioxidants and carcinogenesis. Ann Med 1993;25:435-441

[7] Paolini M, Abdel-Rahman SZ, Sapone A, Pedulli GF, Perocco P, Cantelli-Forti G, Legator MS. Beta-carotene: a cancer chemopreventive agent or a co-carcinogen? Mutat Res. 2003;543(3):195-200

[8] Morris MC, Evans DA, Bienias JL, et al. Dietary Intake of Antioxidant Nutrients and the Risk of Incident Alzheimer Disease in a Biracial Community Study. JAMA 2002;287(24):3230-3237

[9] Foley DJ, White LR. Dietary Intake of Antioxidants and Risk of Alzheimer Disease: Food for Thought. JAMA, 2002;287(24):3261-3263

[10] van het Hof KH, Gartner C, Wiersma A, Tijburg LB, Weststrate JA. Comparison of the bioavailability of natural palm oil carotenoids and synthetic beta-carotene in humans. J Agric Food Chem. 1999;47(4):1582-6

[11] Vinson JA, Jang J. In Vitro and In Vivo antioxidant effect of a citrus extract and ascorbic acid on normal and hypercholesterolemic human subjects. J Med Food, 2001:4(4):187-192

[12] Thiel RJ. Food vitamin E is superior. ANMA Monitor 2001;5(3):6-9

[13] Vinson J, Stella J, Flanagan T. Selenium yeast is an effective in vitro and in vivo antioxidant and hypolipemic agent in hamsters. Nutr Res,1998;18:735-742

[14] Vinson J, Bose P, Lemoine L, Hsiao K. Bioavailability studies. In Nutrient Availability: Chemical and Biological Aspects. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (UK), 1989:125-127

[15] Hendler S, Rorvik D ed. PDR for Nutritional Supplements. Medical Economics, Montvale (NJ), 2001

[16] Ben-Amotz A, et al. Effect of natural beta-carotene supplementation in children exposed to radiation from the Chernobyl accident. Radiat Environ Biophys 1998;37:187-193

[17] Patrick L. Beta-carotene: the controversy continues. Altern Med Rev. 2000;5(6):530-45

[18] Ben Amotz; van het Hof KH, Gartner C, Wiersma A, Tijburg LB, Westrate JA. Comparison of the bioavailability of natural palm oil carotenoid and synthetic beta-carotene in humans. J Agric Food Chem, 1999;47(4):1582-1586

[19] Bowen HT, Omaye ST. Oxidative changes associated with beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol enrichment of human low-density lipoproteins. J Am Coll Nutr. 1998;17(2):171-179

[20] Sinatra S. Consumer Alert: Don't Touch this Button, 2003:34-35

[21] Jacob RA. Vitamin C. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. Williams & Wilkins, Balt.,1999:467-483

[22] Thiel RJ. Natural vitamin C is better than isolated ascorbic acid. ANMA Monitor, 1999;3(3):5-7

[23] Sebastian J, et al. Vitamin C as an antioxidant: evaluation of its role in disease prevention. J Am Coll Nutr, 2003;22(1):18-35

[24] Proteggente AR, et al. The antioxidant effect activity of regularly consumed fruit and vegetables reflect their phenolic and vitamin C composition. Free Radic Res, 2002;36(2):217-233

[25] Vitamin-Mineral Manufacturing Guide: Nutrient Empowerment, volume 1. Nutrition Resource, Lakeport (CA), 1986

[26] Farrel PM, Robert RJ. Vitamin E. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Lea & Febiger, Phil.;1994:326-341

[27] Traber MG. Vitamin E. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. Williams & Wilkins, 1999:347-362

[28] Traber MG, Elsner A, Brigelius-Flohe R. Synthetic as compared with natural vitamin E is preferentially excreted as alpha-CEHC in human urine: studies using deuterated alpha-tocopherol acetates. FEBS Letters, 1998;437:145-148

[29] An Overview of Vitamin E Efficacy. VERIS Research Information Service, November 1998

[30] Schlagheck TG, et al. Olestra's effect on vitamins D and E in humans can be offset by increasing dietary levels of these vitamins. J Nutr,1997;127(8):1666S-1685S

[31] Avocados rise to the top. Nutr Week, 2001;31(24):7

[32] Ikemoto M, Okamura Y, Kano M, Hirasaka K, Tanaka R, Yamamoto T, Sasa T, Ogawa T, Sairyo K, Kishi K, Nikawa T. A relative high dose of vitamin E does not attenuate unweighting-induced oxidative stress and ubiquitination in rat skeletal muscle. J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci. 2002;21(5):257-263

[33] Block J. To E or not to E, that is the question. Orig Internist 2003;10(3):23

[34] Levander OA, Burk RF. Selenium. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Lea & Febiger, Phil., 1994:242-263

[35] Vinson J. Selenium toxicity study. Third International Symposium in Biology and Medicine. Van Nostrand Rheinhold, New York, 1987:445

[36] Vinson J. In Selenium in Biology and Medicine. Van Nostrandt Rheinhold, New York,1987:445

[37] Vinson JA, Howard TB. Inhibition of protein glycation and advanced glycation end products by ascorbic acid and other vitamins and nutrients. Nutr Biochem, 1996;7:659-663

[38] Rottkamp CA, Nunomura A, Raina AK, et al. Oxidative stress, antioxidants, and Alzheimer's Disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord, 2000;14(S1):S62-S66

[39] Ya-Jun, H, et al. The protective role of selenium on the toxicity of cisplatin-contained chemotherapy regimen in cancer patients. Bio Trace Element Res, 1997;56:331-341

[40] Budavari S, et al. The Merck Index, 12th ed. Merck & Co., Whitehouse Station (NJ), 1996

[41] Meerarani P, Reiterer G, Toborek M, Hennig B. Zinc modulates PPARgamma signaling and activation of porcine endothelial cells. J Nutr. 2003 Oct;133(10):3058-3064

[42] Ho E, Courtemanche C, Ames BN. Zinc deficiency induces oxidative DNA damage and increases p53 expression in human lung fibroblasts. J Nutr. 2003 Aug;133(8):2543-2548

[43] Whitney EN, Hamilton EMN. Understanding Nutrition, 4th ed. West Publishing, NY, 1987

[44] King JC, Keen CL. Zinc. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. Williams & Wilkins, Balt., 1999:223-239

[45] Vinson J, Bose P. Comparison of bio-availability of trace elements inorganic salts, amino acid chelates, and yeast. Mineral Elements 80, Proceedings II, Helsinki, Dec 9-11, 1981

[46] Thomas JA. Oxidative stress, oxidant defense, and dietary constituents. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Lea & Febiger, Phil.;1994:501-512

[47] Turnland JR. Copper. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Lea & Febiger, Phil.,1994:231-241

[48] Null G. Superoxide Dismutase. In The Clinician's Handbook of Natural Healing. Kensington Books, New York, 1997:137-144

[49] Hoedt-Schmidt S, et al. Histomorphological studies on the effect of recombinant human superoxide dismutase in biochemically induced osteoporosis. Pharmacol,1993;47(4):252-260

[50] Okumura K, Nishiguchi K, Tanigawa Y, Mori S, Iwakawa S, Komada F. Enhanced anti-inflammatory effects of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase delivered by genetically modified skin fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo. Pharm Res,1997;14(9):1223-1227

[51] Delanian S, Baillet F, Huart J, Lefaix JL, Maulard C, Housset M. Successful treatment of radiation-induced fibrosis using liposomal Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase: clinical trial. Radiother Oncol,1994;32(1):12-20

[52] Merit J, et al. Preliminary study of the therapeutic effect of superoxide dismutase in 7 cases of Bechet's syndrome. C R Acad Sci III,1986;302(7):243-246

[53] Behndig A, Svensson B, Marklund SL, Karlsson K. Superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in the human eye. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci,1998;39(3):471-475

[54] Wi'snicka R, Krzepiko A, Wawryn J, Krawiec Z, Bili'nski T. Protective role of superoxide dismutase in iron toxicity in yeast. Biochem Mol Biol Int,1998;44(3):635-641

[55] Chan PH, et al. Protective effects of liposome-entrapped superoxide dismutase on posttraumatic brain injury. Ann Neur,1987;21(6):540-547

[56] Sharonov BP, et al. The effective use of superoxide dismutase from human erythrocytes in the late stages of experimental influenza infection. Vopr Virusol,1991;36(6):477-480

[57] San Mateo LR, Hobbs MM, Kawula TH. Periplasmic copper-zinc superoxide dismutase protects Haemophilus ducreyi from exogenous superoxide. Mol Microbiol,1998;27(2):391-404

[58] Zhang XM, Ellis EF. Effects of superoxide dismutase decreases mortality, blood pressure, and cerebral blood flow responses induced by acute hypertension in rats. Chung Kuo Yao Li Hsueh Pao,1990;11(4):324-328

[59] Przyklenk K, Kloner RA. Superoxide dismutase plus catalase improve contractile function in the canine model of the stunned myocardium. Circulatory Res,1986;58(1):148-156

[60] Nelson SK, Bose SK, McCord JM. The toxicity of high dose superoxide dismutase suggests that superoxide can both initiate and terminate lipid peroxidation in the reperfused heart. Free Radic Biol Med,1994;16(2):195-200

[61] Wang P, et al. Overexpression of human copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) prevents postischemic injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,1998;95(8):4556-4560

[62] De Deyn PP, et al. Superoxide dismutase activity in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia and some other neurological disorders. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Discord,1998;12(1):26-32

[63] Kobayshi T, Miyazaki T, Natori M, Nozawa S. Protective role of superoxide dismutase in human sperm motility: superoxide dismutase activity and lipid peroxide in human seminal plasma and spermatozoa. Hum Reprod,1991;6(7):987-991

[64] Lin Y, et al. Use of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Intl J Oral Maxillofac Surg,1994;23(6pt2):428-429

[65] Romandini P, Bonotto C, Bertoloni G, Beltramini M, Salvato B. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and cell dimorphism in Candida albicans cells exposed to methanol and different temperature. Comp Biochem Physiol Pharm Toxicol Endocrinol,1994;108(1):53-57

[66] Haun SE, Kirsch JR, Helfaer MA, Kubos KL, Traystman RJ. Polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase fails to augment brain superoxide dismutase activity in piglets. Stroke,1991;22(5):655-659

[67] Tibell L, Aasa R, Marklund SL. Spectral and physical properties of human extracellular superoxide dismutase: a comparison with CuZn superoxide dismutase. Arch Biochem Biophys, 1993;304(2):429-433

[68] Turi TG, Kalb VF, Loper JC. Cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase (ERG11) and manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD1) are adjacent genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast,1991;7(6):627-630

[69] Cremer L, Herold A, Avram D, Szegli G. A purified green barley extract with modulatory properties upon the TNF alpha and ROS released human specialised cells isolated from RA patients. Roum Arch Microbiol Immunol 1998;57(3-4):231-242

[70] Yu YM, Chang WC, CHang CT, Hsieh CL, Tsai CE. Effects of young barley leaf extract and antioxidative vitamins on LDL oxidation and free radical scavenging activities in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab 2002;28(2):107-114

[71] Duarte A. Health Alternatives. Megasystems, Morton Grove (IL), 1995

[72] Markham KR, Mitchell KA. The mis-identification of the major antioxidant flavonoids in young barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaves. Z Naturforsch [C] 2003;58(1-2):53-56

[73] DerMarderosian A, editor. The Review of Natural Products, 1st ed. Facts and Comparisons, St. Louis, 2001

[74] Yu CY, Kim SH, Lim JD, Kim MJ, Chung IM. Intraspecific relationship analysis by DNA markers and in vitro cytotoxic and antioxidant activity in Eleutherococcus senticosus. Toxicol In Vitro. 2003;17(2):229-236

[75] Bol'shakova IV, Lozovskaia EL, Sapezhinskii II. Antioxidant properties of a series of extracts from medicinal plants. Biofizika. 1997 Mar-Apr;42(2):480-483

[76] Kim DS, Kim DS, Oppel MN. Shogaols from Zingiber officinale protect IMR32 human neuroblastoma and normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells from beta-amyloid(25-35) insult. Planta Med. 2002;68(4):375-376

[77] Halvorsen BL, Holte K, Myhrstad MC, Barikmo I, Hvattum E, Remberg SF, Wold AB, Haffner K, Baugerod H, Andersen LF, Moskaug O, Jacobs DR Jr, Blomhoff R. A systematic screening of total antioxidants in dietary plants. J Nutr. 2002 Mar;132(3):461-471

[78] DeFeudis FV, Papadopoulos V, Drieu K. Ginkgo biloba extracts and cancer: a research area in its infancy. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2003;17(4):405-417

[79] Chen JW, Chen YH, Lin FY, Chen YL, Lin SJ. Ginkgo biloba Extract Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha}-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Generation, Transcription Factor Activation, and Cell Adhesion Molecule Expression in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003; 23(9):1559-1566

[80] Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Stohs SJ, Das DK, Ray SD, Kuszynski CA, Joshi SS, Pruess HG. Free radicals and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract: importance in human health and disease prevention. Toxicology. 2000;148(2-3):187-197

[81] Young JF, Dragsted LO, Daneshvar B, Lauridsen ST, Hansen M, Sandstrom B. The effect of grape-skin extract on oxidative status. Br J Nutr. 2000;84(4):505-513

[82] Guerra MC, Speroni E, Broccoli M, Cangini M, Pasini P, Mingett A, Crespi-Perellino N, Mirasoli M, Cantelli-Forti G, Paolini M. Comparison between Chinese medical herb Peuraria lobata crude extract and its main isoflavone puerarin antioxidant properties and effects on rat liver CYP-catalased drug metabolism. Life Sci 2000;67(24):2997-3006

[83] Allen SJ, Gan Q, Matthews R, Johnson PA. Comparison of optimised isotherm models for basic dye adsorption by kudzu. Bioresour Technol. 2003;88(2):143-152

[84] Rezvani AH, Overstreet DH, Perfumi M, Massi M. Plant derivatives in the treatment of alcohol dependency. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003;75(3):593-606

[85] Guerra MC, Speroni E, Broccoli M, Cangini M, Pasini P, Minghett A, Crespi-Perellino N, Mirasoli M, Cantelli-Forti G, Paolini M. Comparison between chinese medical herb Pueraria lobata crude extract and its main isoflavone puerarin antioxidant properties and effects on rat liver CYP-catalysed drug metabolism. Life Sci. 2000;67(24):2997-3006

[86] Kvasnicka F, Biba B, Sevcik R, Voldrich M, Kratka J. Analysis of the active components of silymarin. J Chromatogr A. 2003;990(1-2):239-245

[87] Shimizu I. Antifibrogenic therapies in chronic HCV infection. Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord. 2001;1(2):227-240

[88] Dhanalakshmi S, Agarwal P, Glode LM, Agarwal R. Silibinin sensitizes human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells to cisplatin- and carboplatin-induced growth inhibition and apoptotic death. Int J Cancer. 2003 Sep 20;106(5):699-705].

[89] Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C, ed. PDR for Herbal Medicine, 2nd ed. Medical Economics, Montvale (NJ) 2000

[90] Kurowska EM, Dresser G, Deutsch L, Bassoo E, Freeman DJ. Relative bioavailability and antioxidant potential of two coenzyme q10 preparations. Ann Nutr Metab. 2003;47(1):16-21

[91] Lu H, Liu GT. Anti-oxidant activity of dibenzocyclooctene lignans isolated from Schisandraceae. Planta Med 1992;58(4):311-313

[92] Boileau TW, Liao Z, Kim S, Lemeshow S, Erdman JW, Clinton SK. Prostate carcinogensis in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) testosterone-treated rats fed tomato powder, lycopene, or energy restricted diets. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95(21):1578-1586

[93] Chainani-Wu N. Safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin: a component of tumeric. J Altern Complement Med. 2003;9(1):161-168

[94] Gehman JM. From the Office of the President: Pseudo-Group Once Again Misleading the Naturopathic Field. Official Bulletin ANA, January 25, 1948:7-8

[95] Rouhi AM. Escorting metal ions: protein chaperone protects, guides, copper ions in transit. Chem Eng News, 1999;11:34-35

[96] Himelblau E, et al. Identification of a functional homolog of the yeast copper homeostasis gene ATX1 from Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 1998;117(4):1227-1234

[97] Adams AK, Best TM . The Role of Antioxidants in Exercise and Disease Prevention. Physician & Sportsmed, 2002;30(5):37-46

[98] Hardy G, Hardy I, Ball PA. Nutraceuticals - a pharmaceutical viewpoint: part II. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2003;6(6):661-71